{"url":"https://etfiq.com/funds/zvol/trading/","section":"funds","title":"ZVOL Bid-Ask Spread, Liquidity and NAV Premium | ETFIQ","description":"ZVOL trading costs and liquidity: spread, premium to NAV, capacity and dealers, from ETFIQ. Spread, premium to NAV, capacity and dealers, dated.","as_of":"May 14, 2026","structured_data":[{"@type":"Dataset","@id":"https://etfiq.com/funds/zvol/trading/#data","name":"ZVOL trading costs and liquidity","description":"ZVOL trading costs and liquidity: spread, premium to NAV, capacity and dealers, from ETFIQ. Spread, premium to NAV, capacity and dealers, dated.","url":"https://etfiq.com/funds/zvol/trading/","dateModified":"2026-05-14","creator":{"@id":"https://etfiq.com/#org"},"license":"https://etfiq.com/license/","isAccessibleForFree":true,"creditText":"ETFIQ (etfiq.com)","variableMeasured":["30-day median bid-ask spread","Premium or discount to NAV","Capacity","Active authorized participants","IQ Liquidity Score","Cost to trade by order size"],"distribution":[{"@type":"DataDownload","encodingFormat":"application/json","contentUrl":"https://etfiq.com/data/trading-score.json"}],"publisher":{"@id":"https://etfiq.com/#org"},"inLanguage":"en","creativeWorkStatus":"Published"},{"@type":"FAQPage","mainEntity":[{"@type":"Question","name":"Who is the AP for ZVOL?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"ZVOL\u2019s latest Form N-CEN, for the period ending Feb 28, 2026, lists 7 authorized participants (APs), and 4 created or redeemed shares. The largest were Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC (47.4%), Jane Street Capital, LLC (36.7%), Merrill Lynch Professional Clearing Corp. (13.8%) of the dollars its APs created and redeemed."}},{"@type":"Question","name":"Who is the LMM for ZVOL?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"ZVOL\u2019s lead market maker (LMM) on Cboe BZX is Flow Traders U.S. LLC. Lead market maker per Cboe BZX, as of Oct 23, 2026."}}]},{"@type":"InvestmentFund","@id":"https://etfiq.com/funds/zvol#fund","name":"Volatility Premium Plus ETF","alternateName":"ZVOL","url":"https://etfiq.com/funds/zvol","identifier":[{"@type":"PropertyValue","propertyID":"tickerSymbol","value":"ZVOL"}],"mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https://etfiq.com/funds/zvol#webpage"}},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"ETFIQ","item":"https://etfiq.com/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"ZVOL","item":"https://etfiq.com/funds/zvol"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Trading","item":"https://etfiq.com/funds/zvol/trading/"}]},{"@type":"WebPage","name":"ZVOL Bid-Ask Spread, Liquidity and NAV Premium","description":"ZVOL trading costs and liquidity: spread, premium to NAV, capacity and dealers, from ETFIQ. Spread, premium to NAV, capacity and dealers, dated.","url":"https://etfiq.com/funds/zvol/trading/","dateModified":"2026-05-14","isPartOf":{"@type":"WebSite","name":"ETFIQ","url":"https://etfiq.com"},"speakable":{"@type":"SpeakableSpecification","cssSelector":[".faq"]},"publisher":{"@id":"https://etfiq.com/#org"}}],"characters":3376,"truncated":false,"content":"ETFIQ / ZVOL / Trading \n \n As of May 14, 2026. Rebuilt every trading night.\n ZVOL bid-ask spread and liquidity\n IQ Liquidity Score\n Not scored, 1 of 6 measured.\n A fixed 0 to 100 scale of trading conditions, the same anchors for every fund; 100 is the easiest to trade. It measures how cheaply and reliably the fund can be bought and sold, not whether to own it. How the score is built \n Cost to trade Not measured: the issuer's 30-day median spread is not read for this fund Capacity Not measured: no book of its holdings is read Price fidelity Not measured: no closing premium is held for this fund Primary market, 65.0 4 active dealers of 7; largest 47% of creations and redemptions, N-CEN to Feb 28, 2026 Bad-day behaviour Not measured: no daily closing premium is held for this fund Depth Not measured: needs trade and quote data (Phase 2) \n Capacity\n Not measured: no book of its holdings is read.\n Dealers\n 4 active of 7 authorized participants; the largest did 47% of creations and redemptions, in the year to Feb 28, 2026 (Form N-CEN filed May 14, 2026).\n The active authorized participants, largest first, by share of the dollars created and redeemed: Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC (47.4%), Jane Street Capital, LLC (36.7%), Merrill Lynch Professional Clearing Corp. (13.8%), Virtu Americas LLC (2.1%). 3 more were listed and created or redeemed nothing.\n How to trade ZVOL\n When ETF spreads are usually widest in the first minutes after the open and the last minutes before the close. ETFIQ measures this fund\u2019s own day once it has trade data. Coming with trade data\n Spread through the day, buyers against sellers, an estimate of retail flow, large trades and the closing auction\u2019s share, each once ETFIQ has trade and quote data.\n Questions people ask\n Who is the AP for ZVOL? ZVOL\u2019s latest Form N-CEN, for the period ending Feb 28, 2026, lists 7 authorized participants (APs), and 4 created or redeemed shares. The largest were Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC (47.4%), Jane Street Capital, LLC (36.7%), Merrill Lynch Professional Clearing Corp. (13.8%) of the dollars its APs created and redeemed. Who is the LMM for ZVOL? ZVOL\u2019s lead market maker (LMM) on Cboe BZX is Flow Traders U.S. LLC. Lead market maker per Cboe BZX, as of Oct 23, 2026. Sources and dates\n Dealers: Form N-CEN, the year to Feb 28, 2026, accession 0001193125-26-223855.\n Where to next\n ZVOL fund page ETF trading costs and liquidity Limit orders vs market orders for ETFs Why low volume does not mean illiquid How the IQ Liquidity Score is built Compare ZVOL with another fund The score measures trading conditions, not the fund. ETFIQ is an independent publisher, not an adviser, and makes no recommendations. Standards and sources \n Cite this page. ETFIQ, ZVOL trading: cost, capacity, premium and dealers, data as of May 14, 2026. https://etfiq.com/funds/zvol/trading/ Free to use with attribution for figures ETFIQ computes; issuer data stays under its owner's terms. The underlying files are at Open data .\n Other forms Plain ETFIQ, ZVOL trading: cost, capacity, premium and dealers, data as of May 14, 2026. https://etfiq.com/funds/zvol/trading/ APA ETFIQ. (May 14, 2026). ZVOL trading: cost, capacity, premium and dealers. Retrieved from https://etfiq.com/funds/zvol/trading/ Markdown [ZVOL trading: cost, capacity, premium and dealers (ETFIQ, May 14, 2026)](https://etfiq.com/funds/zvol/trading/)","source":"ETFIQ, independent ETF data. Recomputed nightly from public filings and prices.","publisher":{"@id":"https://etfiq.com/#org","name":"ETFIQ","url":"https://etfiq.com"},"license":"https://etfiq.com/license/","license_text":"Figures ETFIQ computes are free to use with attribution: ETFIQ (etfiq.com). Issuer data stays under its owner's terms.","citation":"ETFIQ, ZVOL trading: cost, capacity, premium and dealers, data as of May 14, 2026. https://etfiq.com/funds/zvol/trading/"}